Grassroots campaigns by the newly formed League of Women Voters, along with a variety of other women’s clubs and Progressive organizations, seized the message of military preparedness. This transition from Progressivism to conservatism was one of the leading dynamics of the 1920s.Īlthough the middle and late 1920s saw a resurgence of conservative thought, Progressive ideas about reform would continue into the early 1920s. The contest regarding federal support for health care programs for women and infants personifies the transition from Progressivism to more conservative ways of thought regarding the role of government. However, conservatives perceived these attempts as symptomatic of the excessive growth of government during the previous two decades. Progressives attempted to counter these trends through federal action. For the urban poor and many rural dwellers, an average of one in three children died before their fifth birthday. The emergence of modern medicine permitted child mortality rates to decline significantly among the wealthy, but few other Americans enjoyed regular access to physicians. Despite recent advances in medicine, childbirth remained the second-leading cause of death among women. However, it was not until after the discovery that millions of draftees in World War I were malnourished and medically unfit for military service that these reformers had the attention of the federal government. Progressive reformers sought to publicize the tragedy of preventable diseases and child mortality among the poor. Yet in many ways, the United States was still mired in the past.
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The 1920s also boasted a uniquely modern culture that celebrated the fast pace of cosmopolitan life.
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The US census of 1920 revealed that, for the first time, a majority of Americans lived in cities and towns with at least 2,500 residents. Real wages for most workers increased, while stock prices advanced as much during the 1920s as they had in the previous three decades. The 1920s were a period of economic growth and transition. Chapter 6 Roaring Twenties to the Great Depression, 1920–1932